Vitalik Buterin spoke about the role of ZK-Rollups in Ethereum scalability

Vitalik Buterin published a "likely roadmap" for the development of Ethereum, following which the network of the second largest cryptocurrency by capitalization will be able to increase scalability, while remaining reliable and resistant to censorship. Central to the concept is the ZK-Rollups technology. According to Buterin, the "medium large blockchain" is characterized by frequent generation of large blocks and high throughput ("thousands of transactions per second") with low decentralization. This is due to the fact that due to the size of the blocks and, as a result, the operating costs, only a few nodes are fully involved in their production. The founder of Ethereum noted that Rollups improves the efficiency of block validation, but does not solve the problem of their centralized generation. In his opinion, there are two possible options for the full-scale implementation of the technology: either "everyone will switch" to one Rollup, or network activity will be distributed among several solutions. In the first case, it is necessary that sharding is implemented at the first level of Ethereum, and the blockchain must be able to store all the data of the dominant solution, distributing it between its segments. “We're getting a world where block production is centralized, verification is trustless and decentralized, and censorship is still prevented. Block producers have to process a huge number of transactions, so it is difficult to enter this market, but they do not have the ability to push invalid blocks, "concluded Buterin. An alternative scenario assumes that none of the Rollups projects were able to capture most of the Ethereum network activity. In this case, the ecosystem will have a structure similar to Cosmos, that is, it will be represented by several independent blockchains. Cross-chain bridges will provide the connection between these segments. “It seems that this approach will allow us to get everything: decentralized validation, reliable protection against censorship and even distributed block production, since all Rollups are small and easy to start operations in them. But decentralization of block production may prove short-lived due to the possibility of cross-domain MEV, ”wrote the founder of Ethereum. Buterin explained that an architecture that allows blocks to be generated simultaneously “across multiple domains” creates opportunities for arbitration. In addition, he said, there is a risk that the same people will control the production of blocks on all domains. The Ethereum founder added that possible solutions could be a "block mining auction mechanism", the implementation of "censorship-resistant bypass channels" in Rollups, or a combination of both. All proposals are for PBS mainnet implementation. According to Buterin, the ETH blockchain is "open to all options" as its roadmap is focused on Rollups. Therefore, its supporters "do not need to choose the winners." He also stressed that this technology will require "years of refinement and audits."

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